Port dev dockerfiles into stages

06-building-container-images/api-node/Dockerfile.9

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+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use alpine for reduced image size
+FROM node:19.6-alpine AS base
+
+# Set NODE_ENV
+ENV NODE_ENV production
+
+# Specify working directory other than /
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+# Copy only files required to install
+# dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY package*.json ./
+
+# Development stage to include dev + production dependencies
+FROM base AS dev
+
+# Install all dependencies (including development ones)
+# For the dev image
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/usr/src/app/.npm \
+  npm set cache /usr/src/app/.npm && \
+  npm install
+
+COPY . .
+
+CMD [ "npm", "run", "dev" ]
+
+# Production stage optimzed for deployment
+FROM base AS production
+
+# Install only production dependencies
+# Use cache mount to speed up install of existing dependencies
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/usr/src/app/.npm \
+  npm set cache /usr/src/app/.npm && \
+  npm ci --only=production
+
+# Use non-root user
+# Use --chown on COPY commands to set file permissions
+USER node
+
+# Copy the healthcheck script
+COPY --chown=node:node ./healthcheck/ .
+
+# Copy remaining source code AFTER installing dependencies. 
+# Again, copy only the necessary files
+COPY --chown=node:node ./src/ .
+
+# Indicate expected port
+EXPOSE 3000
+
+CMD [ "node", "index.js" ]