Add incremental dockerfiles

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-golang/.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Makefile
+README.md
+Dockerfile*

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-golang/Dockerfile

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
-
-# Alpine is chosen for its small footprint
-# compared to Ubuntu
-FROM golang:1.19-alpine
-
-WORKDIR /app
-
-# Download necessary Go modules
-COPY go.mod ./
-COPY go.sum ./
-
-RUN go mod download
-
-COPY . .
-
-CMD ["go", "run", "./main.go"]
-
-# TODO use best practices: https://snyk.io/blog/containerizing-go-applications-with-docker/

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-golang/Dockerfile.0

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+FROM golang
+
+WORKDIR /app 
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN go mod download
+
+CMD ["go", "run", "./main.go"]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-golang/Dockerfile.1

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use alpine for reduced image size
+FROM golang:1.19-alpine
+
+WORKDIR /app 
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN go mod download
+
+CMD ["go", "run", "./main.go"]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-golang/Dockerfile.2

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use alpine for reduced image size
+FROM golang:1.19-alpine
+
+WORKDIR /app 
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN go mod download
+
+# Compile application during build rather than at runtime
+RUN go build -o api-golang
+
+CMD ["./api-golang"]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-golang/Dockerfile.3

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use alpine for reduced image size
+FROM golang:1.19-alpine
+
+WORKDIR /app 
+
+# Copy only files required to install dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+
+RUN go mod download
+
+COPY . .
+
+# Compile application during build rather than at runtime
+RUN go build -o api-golang
+
+CMD ["./api-golang"]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-golang/Dockerfile.4

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use separate stage for building image
+# Use debian for easier build utilities
+FROM golang:1.19-bullseye AS build
+
+WORKDIR /app 
+
+# Copy only files required to install dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+
+RUN go mod download
+
+COPY . .
+
+# Compile application during build rather than at runtime
+# Add -w and -s flags to 
+RUN go build \
+  -ldflags="-linkmode external -extldflags -static" \
+  -o api-golang
+
+# Use separate stage for deployable image
+FROM scratch
+
+WORKDIR /
+
+# Copy the binary from the build stage
+COPY --from=build /app/api-golang api-golang
+
+CMD ["/api-golang"]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-golang/Dockerfile.5

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use separate stage for building image
+# Use debian for easier build utilities
+FROM golang:1.19-bullseye AS build
+
+WORKDIR /app 
+
+# Copy only files required to install dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+
+RUN go mod download
+
+COPY . .
+
+# Compile application during build rather than at runtime
+# Add flags to statically link binary
+RUN go build \
+  -ldflags="-linkmode external -extldflags -static" \
+  -o api-golang
+
+# Use separate stage for deployable image
+FROM scratch
+
+# Set gin mode
+ENV GIN_MODE=release
+
+WORKDIR /
+
+# Copy the binary from the build stage
+COPY --from=build /app/api-golang api-golang
+
+# Indicate expected port
+EXPOSE 8080
+
+CMD ["/api-golang"]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-golang/Dockerfile.6

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use separate stage for building image
+# Use debian for easier build utilities
+FROM golang:1.19-bullseye AS build
+
+# Add non root user
+RUN useradd -u 1001 nonroot
+
+WORKDIR /app 
+
+# Copy only files required to install dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+
+# Use cache mount to speed up install of existing dependencies
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
+  --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
+  go mod download
+
+COPY . .
+
+# Compile application during build rather than at runtime
+# Add flags to statically link binary
+RUN go build \
+  -ldflags="-linkmode external -extldflags -static" \
+  -o api-golang
+
+# Use separate stage for deployable image
+FROM scratch
+
+# Set gin mode
+ENV GIN_MODE=release
+
+WORKDIR /
+
+# Copy the passwd file
+COPY --from=build /etc/passwd /etc/passwd
+
+# Copy the binary from the build stage
+COPY --from=build /app/api-golang api-golang
+
+# Use nonroot user
+USER nonroot
+
+# Indicate expected port
+EXPOSE 8080
+
+CMD ["/api-golang"]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-node/Dockerfile

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-FROM node:19.4-alpine
-
-# Create app directory
-WORKDIR /usr/src/app
-
-# Install app dependencies
-# A wildcard is used to ensure both package.json AND package-lock.json are copied
-# where available (npm@5+)
-COPY package*.json ./
-
-RUN npm install
-# If you are building your code for production
-# RUN npm ci --only=production
-
-# Bundle app source
-COPY ./src/ .
-
-EXPOSE 3000
-CMD [ "node", "index.js" ]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-node/Dockerfile.0

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+FROM node
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN npm install
+
+CMD [ "node", "index.js" ]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-node/Dockerfile.1

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Pin specific version
+# Use alpine for reduced image size
+FROM node:19.4-alpine
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN npm install
+
+CMD [ "node", "index.js" ]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-node/Dockerfile.2

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Pin specific version
+# Use alpine for reduced image size
+FROM node:19.4-alpine
+
+# Specify working directory other than /
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN npm install
+
+CMD [ "node", "index.js" ]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-node/Dockerfile.3

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use alpine for reduced image size
+FROM node:19.4-alpine
+
+# Specify working directory other than /
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+# Copy only files required to install
+# dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY package*.json ./
+
+RUN npm install
+
+# Copy remaining source code AFTER installing dependencies. 
+# Again, copy only the necessary files
+COPY ./src/ .
+
+CMD [ "node", "index.js" ]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-node/Dockerfile.4

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use alpine for reduced image size
+FROM node:19.4-alpine
+
+# Specify working directory other than /
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+# Copy only files required to install
+# dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY package*.json ./
+
+RUN npm install
+
+# Use non-root user
+# Use --chown on COPY commands to set file permissions
+USER node
+
+# Copy remaining source code AFTER installing dependencies. 
+# Again, copy only the necessary files
+COPY --chown=node:node ./src/ .
+
+CMD [ "node", "index.js" ]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-node/Dockerfile.5

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use alpine for reduced image size
+FROM node:19.4-alpine
+
+# Set NODE_ENV
+ENV NODE_ENV production
+
+# Specify working directory other than /
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+# Copy only files required to install
+# dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY package*.json ./
+
+# Install only production dependencies
+RUN npm ci --only=production
+
+# Use non-root user
+# Use --chown on COPY commands to set file permissions
+USER node
+
+# Copy remaining source code AFTER installing dependencies. 
+# Again, copy only the necessary files
+COPY --chown=node:node ./src/ .
+
+CMD [ "node", "index.js" ]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-node/Dockerfile.6

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use alpine for reduced image size
+FROM node:19.4-alpine
+
+# Set NODE_ENV
+ENV NODE_ENV production
+
+# Specify working directory other than /
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+# Copy only files required to install
+# dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY package*.json ./
+
+# Install only production dependencies
+RUN npm ci --only=production
+
+# Use non-root user
+# Use --chown on COPY commands to set file permissions
+USER node
+
+# Copy remaining source code AFTER installing dependencies. 
+# Again, copy only the necessary files
+COPY --chown=node:node ./src/ .
+
+# Indicate expected port
+EXPOSE 3000
+
+CMD [ "node", "index.js" ]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-node/Dockerfile.7

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Pin specific version for stability
+# Use alpine for reduced image size
+FROM node:19.4-alpine
+
+# Set NODE_ENV
+ENV NODE_ENV production
+
+# Specify working directory other than /
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+# Copy only files required to install
+# dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY package*.json ./
+
+# Install only production dependencies
+# Use cache mount to speed up install of existing dependencies
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/usr/src/app/.npm \
+  npm set cache /usr/src/app/.npm && \
+  npm ci --only=production
+
+# Use non-root user
+# Use --chown on COPY commands to set file permissions
+USER node
+
+# Copy remaining source code AFTER installing dependencies. 
+# Again, copy only the necessary files
+COPY --chown=node:node ./src/ .
+
+# Indicate expected port
+EXPOSE 3000
+
+CMD [ "node", "index.js" ]
+
+# TODO: Use multi-stage with distroless image or chainguard image? 
+# https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless/blob/main/examples/nodejs/Dockerfile
+# https://edu.chainguard.dev/chainguard/chainguard-images/reference/node/overview/

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-node/Makefile

@@ -6,3 +6,7 @@ run-local:
     PGDATABASE=postgres \
     PGPORT=5432 \
     node ./src/index.js
+
+.PHONY: build-naive
+build-naive:
+	docker build --file ./Dockerfile.naive .

04-building-container-images/sample-app/api-node/src/index.js

@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@ app.get('/', async (req, res) => {
   res.send(response);
 });
 
-app.listen(port, () => {
+const server = app.listen(port, () => {
   console.log(`Example app listening on port ${port}`);
 });
+
+process.on('SIGTERM', () => {
+  debug('SIGTERM signal received: closing HTTP server');
+  server.close(() => {
+    debug('HTTP server closed');
+  });
+});

04-building-container-images/sample-app/client-react/Dockerfile.0

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+FROM node
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN npm install
+
+CMD ["npm", "run", "dev"]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/client-react/Dockerfile.1

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+FROM node:19.4-bullseye
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN npm install
+
+CMD ["npm", "run", "dev"]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/client-react/Dockerfile.2

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+FROM node:19.4-bullseye AS build
+
+# Specify working directory other than /
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+# Copy only files required to install
+# dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY package*.json ./
+
+RUN npm install
+
+COPY . .
+
+CMD ["npm", "run", "dev"]

04-building-container-images/sample-app/client-react/Dockerfile.3

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+FROM node:19.4-bullseye AS build
+
+# Specify working directory other than /
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+# Copy only files required to install
+# dependencies (better layer caching)
+COPY package*.json ./
+
+# Use cache mount to speed up install of existing dependencies
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/usr/src/app/.npm \
+  npm set cache /usr/src/app/.npm && \
+  npm install
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN npm run build
+
+# Use separate stage for deployable image
+FROM nginx:1.23-alpine
+
+COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
+
+COPY --from=build usr/src/app/dist/ /usr/share/nginx/html

04-building-container-images/sample-app/client-react/nginx.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+server {
+  listen 80;
+  location /api/golang/ {
+        resolver 127.0.0.1;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+        proxy_pass http://api-golang:8080/;
+  }
+  location /api/node/ {
+        resolver 127.0.0.1;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+        proxy_pass http://api-node:3000/;
+  }
+  location / {
+    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
+    index index.html index.htm;
+    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html =404;
+  }
+  
+  include /etc/nginx/extra-conf.d/*.conf;
+}

04-building-container-images/sample-app/client-react/src/App.jsx

@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ export function App() {
   return (
     <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
       <h1>Hey Team! 👋</h1>
-      <Example api="/api/golang"/>
-      <Example api="/api/node"/>
+      <Example api="/api/golang/"/>
+      <Example api="/api/node/"/>
     </QueryClientProvider>
   );
 }

04-building-container-images/sample-app/docker-compose.yml

@@ -2,15 +2,21 @@ services:
   client-react:
     build:
       context: ./client-react
-    # Could remove...
-    depends_on:
-      - api-node
-      - api-golang
+      dockerfile: Dockerfile
     ports:
       - 5173:5173
+  client-react-nginx:
+    build:
+      context: ./client-react
+      dockerfile: Dockerfile.3
+    init: true
+    ports:
+      - 5174:80
   api-node:
     build:
       context: ./api-node
+      dockerfile: Dockerfile.7
+    init: true
     depends_on:
       - db
     environment:
@@ -24,6 +30,8 @@ services:
   api-golang:
     build:
       context: ./api-golang
+      dockerfile: Dockerfile.6
+    init: true
     depends_on:
       - db
     environment:

04-building-container-images/sample-dockerfiles/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
+# escape=\
+# ^ OPTIONAL "directives" (must be at top if used)
+
+# THIS IS A COMMENT
+
+# ARG is the only instruction that can come before FROM 
+ARG BASE_IMAGE_TAG=19.4
+# ARGs can be overriden at build time 
+# > docker build --build-arg BASE_VERSION=19.3 .
+
+FROM node:${BASE_IMAGE_TAG}
+
+RUN echo "Hey Team 👋 (shell form)"
+RUN ["echo", "Hey Team 👋 (exec form)"]
+
+# --mount allows for mounting additional files
+# into the build context
+# RUN --mount=type=bind ...
+# RUN --mount=type=cache ...
+# RUN --mount=type=secret ...
+# RUN --mount=type=ssh ...
+
+# Available only at build time
+# (Still in image metadata though...)
+ARG BUILD_ARG=foo
+
+# Available at build and run time
+ENV ENV_VAR=bar
+
+# Set the default working directory 
+# Use the convention of your language/framework 
+WORKDIR path/to/the/working/directory
+
+
+ENTRYPOINT [ "echo", "Hey Team 👋 (entrypoint)" ]
+CMD [ "+ (cmd)" ]